Hydrogen: Propulsion, Storage and Generation

With Hydrogen Technologies to Sustainable Mobility and Process Engineering

Hydrogen technologies are considered to be pioneering for climate-neutral mobility, a sustainable energy industry, and a sustainable chemical industry. At the Fraunhofer ITWM, there are manifold competences for modeling, simulation, and optimization along the entire value chain of hydrogen technology. This includes the topics of generation, storage, distribution, and especially their use as alternative propulsion systems as well as mobile energy storage. In the project TPC-H2-Storage – Hydrogen Technologies, the Leibniz Institute for Composite Materials IVW is working on a hydrogen storage and transport technology suitable for large-scale production.

The research work in the performance center focuses on the following topics:
 

Hydrogen-Based Propulsion Systems

  • Analysis and optimization of hydrogen-based propulsion concepts with regard to energy efficiency, ranges and infrastructure requirements
  • Simulation of cables, hoses and, in particular, hydrogen-carrying lines
  • Filling and emptying of hydrogen tanks
     

Hydrogen Production, Storage and Distribution

  • Electrolysis for the production of hydrogen, especially during fluctuations in the availability of green electricity.
  • New storage media in the form of liquids in which hydrogen as a gas has high solubility
  • Software for the management of customer systems that obtain their energy from different sources
  • Simulation of distribution networks
     

Hydrogen Storage and Hydrogen Transport

Current metallic solutions for hydrogen storage and transport are too heavy for mobile applications and available lightweight solutions made of reinforced thermoset plastics are not sufficiently capable of large-scale production. Therefore, the IVW is establishing a suitable infrastructure for the development of large-scale hydrogen storage and transport technologies based on thermoplastic fiber composites.
 

Intensive Networking in the Performance Center

In Transfer Center 2: »Mobility«, the Fraunhofer ITWM cooperates with various chairs in mechanical engineering and mathematics at the RPTU Kaiserslautern, the Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences, and with the automotive industry, and in Transfer Center 1: »Process Engineering/Chemistry« with mathematics and process engineering at the RPTU Kaiserslautern and the chemical industry. The research work of the IVW is located in R&D Lab 1: »Digial Twins«.

Projects and Developments

HyCoVe – The Region of Hydrogen-Based Commercial Vehicle Mobility

HyCoVe (Hydrogen-based Commercial Vehicles) is the Commercial Vehicle Cluster's approach to implementing system innovations for hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles. 

The goal: technology change through a shift in perspective from isolated individual projects to systemically networked approaches.

In a regionally limited approach, a business eco-system is to be created in which hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles can be developed, tested under real operating conditions, produced and successfully used by end customers.

TPC-H2-Storage – Hydrogen Technologies

Current metallic solutions for hydrogen storage and transport are too heavy for mobile applications and available lightweight solutions made of reinforced thermoset plastics are not sufficiently capable of large-scale production. Therefore, the project »TPC-H2-Storage« at the Leibniz Institute for Composite Materials IVW aims to realize a suitable infrastructure and fundamental knowledge for the development of large-scale hydrogen storage and transport technologies based on thermoplastic fiber composites.

 

Flow Simulation With MESHFREE

With the MESHFREE software, a flow simulation tool is available that is particularly established for classic refueling processes. In conjunction with the respective storage technology (high-pressure tanks, metal hybrid storage), this can be applied to hydrogen refueling.

 

Simulation of Hydrogen-Carrying Pipelines

Compared to conventional combustion engines, various system parameters change in H2-based propulsion concepts. With H2-based propulsion, the avoidance of H2 leakage is important. For this purpose, lines made of special materials are used, which must be protected as best as possible against damage caused by dynamic load input during operation.

 

Green by IT

For the management of customer systems that obtain their energy supply from different sources, methods and software have been developed for years in the focus area Green by IT at the ITWM.  The basic goal is to manage the fluctuating production of renewable energies. In addition to fuel cells plus batteries, the e-car and photovoltaics are also taken into account.

 

Simulation Software VMC® und U·Sim

For the optimization of hydrogen-based propulsion concepts, the influence of concrete deployment scenarios can be simulated, evaluated and optimized in detail, taking into account geography, traffic, driving style and vehicle configuration, using the VMC® and U-Sim tools.

 

Better Understanding Hydrogen Electrolysis Through Simulation

Among other things, a cell consists of two metallic plates (bipolar plate) and a membrane. The flow dynamics of the bipolar plate are crucial for the performance of the cell. As part of the project »H2-D – A Hydrogen Economy for Germany«, we are trying to design the cell in such a way that the oxygen produced is discharged sufficiently quickly to make the cell more efficient.

 

Optimization of the Gas Diffusion Layer for Use in PEM Fuel Cells

The goal of the OPTIGAA research network is to enable the computer-aided design of fuel cells.

 

AMMONPAKTOR

In the project »Use of Ammonia as Carbon Dioxide-Free Hydrogen Storage for the Decentralized Supply of Hydrogen - Development of an Innovative Compact Reactor Concept« (AMMONPAKTOR), funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), experts are trying to sound out the potential of ammonia as a hydrogen storage medium.